10 Tips for Better Coding

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Writing code can sometimes be the most difficult part of any software development process. If you don’t organize everything from the start – especially for big projects — the coding processes and code management afterwards may end up not just time consuming, but also a big headache. Good code is maintainable, reusable, and testable. The following tips address how you and/or your development team can handle various coding tasks and how to keep everything as neat as possible. I will introduce you to some “best practices” that will help you write better code and help make you and your team happy and efficient.

1. Use a Coding Standard

It’s easy to write bad, unorganized code, but it’s hard to maintain such code. Good code typically follows some standard for naming conventions, formatting, etc. Such standards are nice because they make things deterministic to those who read your code afterwards, including yourself. You can create your own coding standard, but it’s better to stick to one with wider-acceptance. Publicly maintained standards like Zend Framework Coding Standard or soon to be PSR-1 Coding Style Guide instead, it will be easier for others to adapt.

2. Write Useful Comments

Comments are crucial. You won’t appreciate them until you leave your thousand-line script for a couple of days and return to and try and make sense of it. Useful comments make life easier for yourself and those after you who have to maintain your code. Write meaningful, single line comments for vague lines; write full parameter and functionality descriptions for functions and methods; for tricky logic blocks, describe the logic in words before it if necessary. And don’t forget, always keep your comments up to date!

3. Refactor

Code refactoring is the eighth habit of highly effective developers. Believe it or not, you should be refactoring your code on a daily bases or your code is not in good health! Refactoring keeps your code healthy, but what should you refactor and how? You should be refactoring everything, from your architecture to your methods and functions, variables names, the number of arguments a method receives, etc. How to refactor is more of an art more than a science, but there are a few rules of thumb that can shed some light on it:
  • If your function or method is more than 20-25 lines, it’s more likely that you are including too much logic inside it, and you can probably split it into two or more smaller functions/methods.
  • If your method/function name is more than 20 characters, you should either rethink the name, or rethink the whole function/method by reviewing the first rule.
  • If you have a lot of nested loops then you may be doing some resource-intensive processing without realizing it. In general, you should rethink the logic if you are nesting more than 2 loops. Three nested loops is just horrible!
  • Consider if there are any applicable design patterns your code can follow. You shouldn’t use patterns just for the sake of using patterns, but patterns offer tried-and-true ready-thought solutions that could be applicable.

4. Avoid Global Code

Global variables and loops are a mess and can prove problematic when your application grows to millions of lines of code (which most do!). They may influence code elsewhere that is difficult to discern, or cause noisy naming clashes. Think twice before you pollute the global namespace with variables, functions, loops, etc. In an ideal case, you should have no blocks defined globally. That is. all switch statements, try-catch, foreach, while-loops, etc. should be written inside a method or a function. Methods should be written inside class definitions, and class and function definitions should be within namespaces.

5. Use Meaningful Names

Never use names like $k
, $m, and $test for your variables. How do expect to read such code in the future? Good code should be meaningful in terms of variable names, function/method names, and class names. Some good examples of meaningful names are: $request, $dbResult, and $tempFile (depending on your coding style guidelines these may use underscores, camelCase, or PascalCase).

6. Use Meaningful Structures

Structuring your application is very important; don’t use complicated structures, always stick to simplicity. When naming directories and files, use a naming convention you agree upon with your team, or use one associated with your coding standard. Always split the four parts of any typical PHP application apart from each other – CSS, HTML Templates/Layouts, JavaScript, PHP Code – and for each try to split libraries from business logic. It’s also a good idea to keep your directory hierarchy as shallow as possible so it’s easier to navigate and find the code you’re looking for.

7. Use Version Control Software

In the old days, good development teams relied on CVS and diff patches for version control. Nowadays, though, we have a variety of solutions available. Managing changes and revisions should be easy but effective, so pick whatever version control software that will work best with the workflow of your development team. I prefer using a distributed version control tool like Git or Mercurial; both are free software/open source and very powerful. If you don’t know what version control software is, I’d recommend reading Sean Hudgston’s series Introduction to Git
.

8. Use Automated Build Tools

Try to use tools like Ant or Phing to get your source prepared, compressed, and deployed. Building your whole application with a single command is a marvelous way to prevent errors and omissions that are inherent when performing repetitive tasks, and is a generally core pre-requisite for automated testing strategies. I recommend using Phing, it’s a well-supported build tool for PHP written to mimic Ant; if you aren’t familiar with it, check out Shammer C’s article Using Phing, the PHP Build Tool and Vito Tardia’s article Deploy and Release Your Application with Phing.

9. Use Code Documenters

For large applications spanning several classes and namespaces, you should have automatically generated API documentation. This is very useful and keeps the development team aware of “what’s what.” And if you work on several projects at the same time, you will find such documentation a blessing since you may forget about structures switching back and forth between projects. One such documenter you might consider using is DocBlox.

10. Use a Testing Framework

There are a plenty of tools that I really appreciate, but by far the ones I appreciate the most are the frameworks that help automate the testing process. Testing (particularly systematic testing) is crucial to every piece of your million dollar application. Good testing tools are PHPUnit and SimpleTest
for unit testing your PHP Classes. For GUI testing, I recommend SeleniumHQ tools.

Summary

In this article you saw an overview of some of the best practices for writing better code, including using a coding standard to unify code formatting across the whole team, the importance of refactoring and how to embrace it, and using professional tools like testing frameworks, code documenters, and version control to help manage your codebase. If you’re not following these tips already, it’s worth the effort to adopt them and get your team on track. Image via DJTaylor/Shutterstock

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Coding

What are some effective strategies to improve my coding skills?

Improving your coding skills requires consistent practice and a deep understanding of the language you’re working with. You can start by setting clear and achievable goals, then gradually increase the complexity of your projects as you become more comfortable. Participating in coding challenges and hackathons can also provide valuable experience and feedback. Additionally, reading and understanding other people’s code can expose you to different coding styles and techniques.

How can I develop a consistent coding habit?

Developing a consistent coding habit involves setting a regular schedule for practice. You can start with just 30 minutes a day and gradually increase the time as you become more comfortable. It’s also important to work on projects that interest you, as this will keep you motivated and engaged. Remember, consistency is key in mastering any skill, including coding.

What are some tips to learn programming faster?

Learning programming faster involves a combination of focused practice, understanding the fundamentals, and applying what you’ve learned in real-world projects. It’s also helpful to learn from others, whether through online tutorials, coding bootcamps, or mentorship programs. Remember, everyone learns at their own pace, so don’t rush the process.

How can I improve my diagnostic coding skills?

Improving your diagnostic coding skills requires a thorough understanding of medical terminology and coding guidelines. Regular practice and continuous learning are key. You can also use coding manuals and online resources to stay updated with the latest changes in the field. Additionally, participating in coding workshops and seminars can provide valuable insights and practical experience.

What are some tips to learn computer programming faster?

Learning computer programming faster involves understanding the basics, practicing regularly, and applying what you’ve learned in real-world projects. It’s also beneficial to learn from others, whether through online tutorials, coding bootcamps, or mentorship programs. Remember, patience and persistence are key in mastering any skill, including computer programming.

How can I stay motivated while learning to code?

Staying motivated while learning to code can be challenging, especially when faced with complex problems. However, setting clear and achievable goals, working on projects that interest you, and celebrating small victories can help keep you motivated. Additionally, joining a coding community can provide support and encouragement during your learning journey.

How can I avoid common coding mistakes?

Avoiding common coding mistakes involves understanding the fundamentals of the language you’re working with and practicing regularly. It’s also important to test your code frequently and thoroughly to catch any errors early. Additionally, using a good IDE with syntax highlighting and error detection can help prevent common mistakes.

How can I improve my problem-solving skills in coding?

Improving your problem-solving skills in coding involves understanding the problem thoroughly, breaking it down into smaller parts, and tackling each part one at a time. It’s also beneficial to practice with coding challenges and puzzles, as these can help sharpen your problem-solving skills.

How can I keep up with the latest coding trends and technologies?

Keeping up with the latest coding trends and technologies involves continuous learning and staying updated with industry news. You can follow relevant blogs, forums, and social media channels, attend webinars and conferences, and participate in online communities. Additionally, learning new languages and frameworks can help broaden your skill set and keep you updated with the latest trends.

How can I improve my coding efficiency?

Improving your coding efficiency involves understanding the language you’re working with, practicing regularly, and using tools and shortcuts to speed up your work. It’s also important to plan your code before you start writing, as this can help prevent mistakes and save time in the long run. Additionally, taking regular breaks can help maintain your focus and productivity.

Abdullah AbouzekryAbdullah Abouzekry
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Abdullah Abouzekry is an experienced web-developer with over 7 years developing PHP/MySQL applications ranging from simple web sites to extensive web-based business applications. Although his main experience is with PHP/MySQL and related web technologies, he has developed and localized many desktop applications in C#, Python/Qt, Java, and C++. When not writing code, Abdullah likes to read, listen to oriental music, and have fun with his little family.

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