Quick Tip: How to Convert a Number to a String in JavaScript

JavaScript is quite flexible and offers many different ways to convert between data types. In this short tutorial, we’ll look at how you can convert a number to a string in JavaScript. You might want to do this in order to make number data more readable for users — for example, to display the number as part of a sentence.

This tutorial explores four ways to convert a number to a string in JavaScript. We recommend different approaches depending on your specific needs and use case:

String Interpolation: When inserting a number value within a string. For example, displaying text on a webpage like “You have used 7 credits out of 24”. You can also use Concatenation but beware.
String or toString(): When changing the type of a number value to a String. For example, using numbers as inputs to functions or APIs that expect a string. String and toString() are mostly the same but treat undefined and null variables differently.

You might also be interested to how to convert a string to a number if you’re looking to do the opposite action.

Convert a Number to a String Using Interpolation

Interpolation is probably the most readable way of using numbers in strings. Instead of manually converting the number to a string, you can insert it into a string using this method. To use interpolation, wrap a string with backticks (`) instead of quotation marks (" or '). Then, in the string, you can insert any variable using`${}` as a placeholder. This is called a template literal and has a variety of other great benefits. For example:

const number = 99;
console.log(`${number} percent of people love JavaScript`); // "99% of people love JavaScript"

Since the string that’s being logged into the console is wrapped with backticks, you can insert a variable into the string using ${}. You can see the example in action in the following CodePen demo.

See the Pen String Interpolation in JavaScript by SitePoint (@SitePoint) on CodePen.

Convert a Number to a String Using String Concatenation

The second approach is string concatenation. You can convert a number to a string using the + operator. For example:

console.log(10 + "USD"); //"10USD"
console.log(10 + ""); //"10"

See the Pen Convert Number to String with Concatenation by SitePoint (@SitePoint) on CodePen.

Although this approach is efficient (as it requires the least amount of code), it can make the code less readable.

A string concatenation caveat

When using this approach with more than one number, an unexpected result might happen. For example:

const a = 2000;
const b = 468;
console.log(a + b + " motorway"); // "2468 motorway"

Since a + b is evaluated first before reaching the string, the operation is a numerical addition rather than a string concatenation. Once a string variable or literal is reached, the operation becomes a string concatenation. So, the result is 2468 motorway. However, try changing the code to the following:

const a = 2000;
const b = 468;
console.log("it is " + a + b + " motorway"); // "it is 2000468 motorway"

Because "it is" + a is evaluated first, the + operator is used for string concatenation for the rest of the expression. So, instead of an addition operation between a and b like the previous example, it becomes a string concatenation operation between the two. This can be solved using parentheses:

const a = 2000;
const b = 468;
console.log("it is " + (a + b) + " motorway"); // "it is 2468 motorway"

The addition between a and b is performed first, which leads to the addition operation between the two variables. Then, string concatenation is used for the rest of the expression since the first operand is "it is".

Convert a Number to a String Using toString

The third approach is using the toString() method. This method is available for all JavaScript data types, including numbers. It converts the value of the number it’s used on and returns it. For example:

const number = 10;
console.log(number); // 10
console.log(typeof number); // "number"

const numberStr = number.toString();
console.log(numberStr); // "10"
console.log(typeof numberStr); // "string"

This example shows the same result as that of the first approach. You can also see it in action in the following CodePen demo.

See the Pen JS Convert Number to String using toString() by SitePoint (@SitePoint) on CodePen.

Convert a Number to a String Using String

The fourth approach is using the String() constructor function. This function accepts the variable to convert as a first parameter. It converts the parameter to a string and returns it. For example:

const number = 10;
console.log(number); // 10
console.log(typeof number); // "number"

const numberStr = String(number);
console.log(numberStr); // "10"
console.log(typeof numberStr); // "string"

When logging the value of number and its type in the console, the result is 10 and number respectively. After converting it, the result is 10 as a string and string respectively. You can see the example in action in the following CodePen demo.

See the Pen JS Convert Number to String using String() by SitePoint (@SitePoint) on CodePen.

Conclusion

This tutorial shows you four approaches that you can use to convert a number to a string in JavaScript. Although these methods can produce the same results when used with numbers, there are some cases where one approach would be better than the others. The main difference between using String() and toString() is that String() works with undefined and null values, whereas toString() doesn’t. So, if you have a value that should contain a number but you want to be safe when converting it to a string, you can use String(). As for string interpolation and string concatenation, they’re best used when using numbers within a string. Otherwise, using these methods can make the code less readable. If you found this article useful, you may also enjoy the following:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Converting Numbers to Strings in JavaScript

What is the significance of converting numbers to strings in JavaScript?

Converting numbers to strings in JavaScript is a common operation in programming. It is particularly useful when you need to display numerical data to the user, perform concatenation operations with strings, or store numbers in a format that is easily readable and manipulable. For instance, if you want to display a number in a text field on a web page, you would need to convert it to a string first, as text fields only accept string data.

How can I convert a number to a string using the toString() method?

The toString() method is a built-in JavaScript function that can be used to convert a number to a string. Here’s a simple example:
let num = 123;
let str = num.toString();
console.log(str); // Outputs: "123"
In this code, the number 123 is converted to a string using the toString() method, and the result is then logged to the console.

Can I convert a number to a string without using the toString() method?

Yes, you can convert a number to a string in JavaScript without using the toString() method. One alternative way is to use the String() function. Here’s an example:
let num = 123;
let str = String(num);
console.log(str); // Outputs: "123"
In this code, the number 123 is converted to a string using the String() function, and the result is then logged to the console.

How can I convert a floating-point number to a string in JavaScript?

Converting a floating-point number to a string in JavaScript is similar to converting an integer. You can use either the toString() method or the String() function. Here’s an example using the toString() method:
let num = 123.45;
let str = num.toString();
console.log(str); // Outputs: "123.45"
In this code, the floating-point number 123.45 is converted to a string using the toString() method, and the result is then logged to the console.

Can I specify a radix when converting a number to a string in JavaScript?

Yes, you can specify a radix (base) when converting a number to a string in JavaScript using the toString() method. The radix can be any integer between 2 and 36. Here’s an example:
let num = 123;
let str = num.toString(16);
console.log(str); // Outputs: "7b"
In this code, the number 123 is converted to a hexadecimal (base 16) string using the toString() method with a radix of 16, and the result is then logged to the console.

How can I convert a number to a string in scientific notation in JavaScript?

To convert a number to a string in scientific notation in JavaScript, you can use the toExponential() method. Here’s an example:
let num = 123;
let str = num.toExponential();
console.log(str); // Outputs: "1.23e+2"
In this code, the number 123 is converted to a string in scientific notation using the toExponential() method, and the result is then logged to the console.

How can I convert a number to a string with a specific number of decimal places in JavaScript?

To convert a number to a string with a specific number of decimal places in JavaScript, you can use the toFixed() method. Here’s an example:
let num = 123.456;
let str = num.toFixed(2);
console.log(str); // Outputs: "123.46"
In this code, the number 123.456 is converted to a string with two decimal places using the toFixed() method, and the result is then logged to the console.

Can I convert a string back to a number in JavaScript?

Yes, you can convert a string back to a number in JavaScript using the Number() function, the parseInt() function, or the parseFloat() function, depending on the specific requirements. Here’s an example using the Number() function:
let str = "123";
let num = Number(str);
console.log(num); // Outputs: 123
In this code, the string “123” is converted back to a number using the Number() function, and the result is then logged to the console.

What happens if I try to convert a non-numeric string to a number in JavaScript?

If you try to convert a non-numeric string to a number in JavaScript, the result will be NaN (Not a Number). Here’s an example:
let str = "abc";
let num = Number(str);
console.log(num); // Outputs: NaN
In this code, the non-numeric string “abc” is attempted to be converted to a number using the Number() function, and the result is NaN.

Can I check if a string can be converted to a number in JavaScript?

Yes, you can check if a string can be converted to a number in JavaScript using the isNaN() function. Here’s an example:
let str = "123";
let isNum = !isNaN(str);
console.log(isNum); // Outputs: true
In this code, the string “123” is checked to see if it can be converted to a number using the isNaN() function, and the result is then logged to the console.