Java and Python are completely different languages. You need to be more specific. They share about the same amount of similarities and differences as any 2 random languages.
Python is a programming language that boasts a gentler learning curve, and a more intuitive coding style. Java is also another programming language, but with a distinct advantage compared to other programming languages. Programs made with Java can be run on any operating system that is able to run the Java virtual machine. This is because Java does not compile to native bytecode, like Python does; it compiles to a Java bytecode that can be read and executed by the virtual machine. The use of a virtual machine impairs the performance of Java programs due to the overhead incurred. Programs that are compiled to native code, like Python, can perform at its best because it can take advantage of optimizations. Although you can compile Java programs to native code, it does not perform as well.
One difference between Python and Java is that Java has got a whole lot more jobs listed for it. Java really dominates the commercial space and is often a choice for large software implementations.