It’s hard to help because I can’t see the image. Can you provide a direct link to the image? Additionally, it looks as though you are attempting to create a navigation menu in a table. I would strongly suggest avoiding tables for this, as tables are not meant for it, and have a behavior that can work against you (like not being able to set margins between cells, so always being stuck only with padding.) I would suggest using a UL (list) to create your navigation.
I presume that despite the post tirle you are talking about a background image inside an element and not padding for an IMG tag.
#1 your padding isn’t working as expected because you are applying it to an inline element. Add display:block to .menu_single span {} and your padding will “show up”. #2 this leads me to ask why did you add the span to begin with? ( you could concatenate the style of the span into .menu_single {} and streamline your code ( unless there was an actual reason for the div…) #3 I don’t know if you were trying to horizontally center your text as well but {text-align: right; } won’t help on that #4 if this a navigation menu you should use a UL instead of a TABLE ( actually, you shouldn’t use table for layouts at all) #5 setting font-size in pxs CAN be bad for accessibility.
have you considered using the red/yellow line as a continuous BG and the left arrow by itself, or is there some reason why each button MUST be 97px x 42px?
You don’t need to use padding to center text in a table vertically. That’s the default. So you don’t need a special div or span to do that, you just put the text in there. Then you create the class applied to the <table> element which controls the td (.menu_single td {}) and take all the values of both the classes and put them in that single selector in the brackets. That is how you style a table.
But it is a bad practice to do it for what you are attempting: navigation. Use a list! It is much easier to control the layout. There are many tutorials out there about that. It will make for less code and less hassle. Here is an example: http://www.vanseodesign.com/css/simple-navigation-bar-with-css-and-xhtml/