Forest for the trees problem, mostly. I was looking in the wrong place.
"\\?" works (which led me to think of the fourth possibility), "??" doesn’t because it still thinks the first ? is a quantifier for nothing…and even if it didn’t, the second ? would allow "" to be a match, because it would make the question mark optional. I suppose i could have used + if it worked, and just assumed there wouldnt be multiple ?'s in a row. "\u003F" actually gets flagged as a quantifier still.
The first and third options point to the idea that the string is being interpreted before being used.
@"\?" (which is the first one, but forced into a Literal String, which is what I was forgetting) works as well. It’s the equivalent of the first option.