Effective techniques for optimizing the performance of web application

I’m currently working on a web app that handles large data sets, and I’m exploring best practices for optimizing data loading and processing speed. I’m considering approaches like pagination, lazy loading, and possibly using a caching layer, but I’d love to hear what’s worked best for others in this case.

All of the above? No honestly, all of those techniques are not necessarily exclusive from one another. You can use pagination and cache pages, you can lazy load where necessary. You really just have to look at the amount of data you have, the type of data, how often you need it to be fresh and how much you need to access at any one time. These various techniques have their strengths and weaknesses. For example, if you have 100K records and are needing to only read 2 at a time, pagination is going to result in a ton of over the wire requests. Maybe not something you want to happen on a very popular website.

Just ask yourself what your project requires and apply the technique that works best in that scenario. Don’t be afraid to mix a few techniques if they fit.