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LAMP
LAMP (Linux/Apache/MySQL/PHP) is a popular Open Source Website platform combination of Operating System (Linux), Web server (Apache), database (MySQL) and scripting language (PHP).
Linux
An Open Source computing platform based on the robust core of commercial Unix systems. Developed by a Finnish programmer named Linus Torvalds in the early 90's, the Linux core is typically distributed with hundreds of other 'packages', commonly known as GNU/Linux. There are dozens of popular distributions (or 'flavours') of GNU/Linux such as the popular RedHat, Mandrake, Slackware and Debian. GNU/Linux is become popular because it is free, flexible and secure.
Localhost
"Localhost" is an alias for the address 127.0.0.1, an address that always indicates the local computer. This is the address that a computer can use to refer to itself. For example, when testing a Web application on the same computer as the server, you can use the address http://127.0.0.1 or http://localhost.