My attempt to MVC

[t3ch]

Im trying to get a hold of the whole MVC concept.
This is my coding so far.

Am i at the right track? What do i need to change and what is good with my coding?

Thanx in advance, Crille

Structure of the folders and files

.models
..guestbook
...guestbookModel.php
 
.controllers
..guestbook
...guestbookController.php
 
.views
..guestbook
...view.tpl
...post.tpl

index.php

<?php
include ('includes/config.php');

if (isset($_GET['module'])) {
	$module = $_GET['module'];
	
	if (isset($_GET['action'])) $action = $_GET['action'];
	else $action = 'view';
}

else {
	$module = 'default';
	$action = 'view';
}

$model = 'models/' . $module . '/' . $module . 'Model.php';
$controller = 'controllers/' . $module . '/' . $module . 'Controller.php';
$template = 'views/' . $module . '/' . $action . '.tpl';

if (!file_exists($model)) {
	header ("Location: index.php");
}

if (!file_exists($controller)){
	header ("Location: index.php");
}

if (!file_exists($template)){
	header ("Location: index.php");
}

$modelClass = $module . 'Model';
$controllerClass = $module . 'Controller';

include $model;
include $controller;

$controller = new $controllerClass();
$controller->setData("site", "model", $modelClass);
$controller->setData("site", "template", $template);
$controller->setData("site", "action", $action);
$controller->prepare();
$controller->render();
?>

guestbookController.php

<?php
class guestbookController {
	private $registery = array();

	public function __construct() {
	}

	/*
	* ::Register set
	* Sets a registery key
	*/
	public function setData($type, $key, $value) {
		$this->registery[$type][$key] = $value;	
	}
	
	public function getData($type, $key) {
		return $this->registery[$type][$key];
	}
	
	public function printErrors() {
		if (!empty($this->registery["error"])) {
			$error = "";
			foreach ($this->registery["error"] as $key => $value) {
				$error .= $value;
			}
			return $error;
		}
	}
	
	/*
	* ::Validate form
	* Checks if a form is valid
	*/
	public function formCheck($form) {
		foreach ($form as $key => $value) {
			if (!empty($value)) {
				switch ($key) {
					case 'email':
					$validate = new validate;
					if (!$validate->email($value)) $this->setData("error", "$value", "<p>$value är en felaktig E-Post!</p>");				
					break;
				
					case 'url':
					$validate = new validate;
					if (!$validate->url($value)) $this->setData("error", "$key", "<p>$value är en felaktig URL</p>");
				}
			}
			else $this->setData("error", "$key", "<p>$key måste fyllas i!</p>");
		}
	}
	
	/*
	* ::Prepare
	* Prepares actions for the page
	*/
	public function prepare() {
		switch ($this->getData("site", "action")) {
			case 'post':
			if ($_POST)  {
				$this->formCheck($_POST);
				if (empty($this->registery["error"])) {
					$headline = htmlspecialchars(str_replace("|", "", $_POST['headline']));
					$name = htmlspecialchars(str_replace("|", "", $_POST['name']));
					$email = $_POST['email'];
					$text = htmlspecialchars(str_replace("|", "", $_POST['textarea']));
					$time = date("Y:m:d");	
					$instance = new guestbookModel;
					$instance->write($headline, $name, $email, $text, $time);
				}
			}
			break;
			
			case 'view':
			$instance = new guestbookModel;
			$this->setData("guestbook", "posts", $instance->read());
			$guestbook = $this->getData("guestbook", "posts");
			$lines = array_reverse(explode("\r\n", $guestbook));
			foreach ($lines as $line) {
				if (!empty($line)) $posts[] = explode("|", $line);
			}
			$this->setData("guestbook", "posts", $posts);
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	* ::Render
	* Renders the page
	*/
	public function render() {
		include $this->getData("site", "template");
	}
}
?>

guestbookModell.php

<?php
class guestbookModel {
	private $file = 'guestbook.txt';
	
	/*
	* ::Write
	* Writes to the guestbook file
	*/
	public function write($headline, $name, $email, $text, $time) {
		$content = file_get_contents($this->file);
		$content .= "$headline|$name|$email|$text|$time" . "\r\n";
		file_put_contents($this->file, $content);
	}
	
	/*
	* ::Read
	* Reads from the guestbook file
	*/
	public function read() {
		return file_get_contents($this->file);		
	}
}
?>

view.tpl

<link href="css/stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<?php
foreach ($this->getData("guestbook", "posts") as $value) {
?>

<p><strong>Rubrik</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[0] ?></p>
<p><strong>Av</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[1] ?></p>
<p><strong>E-Post</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[2] ?></p>
<p><strong>Meddelande</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[3] ?></p>
<p><strong>Skrivet</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[4] ?></p>
<hr />

<?php
}
?>
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook">Visa gästboken</a></p>
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook&action=post">Skriv i göstboken</a>

post.tpl

<link href="css/stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<?php 
echo $this->printErrors();
?>
<form method="post">
<p><strong>Rubrik</strong></p>
<p><input name="headline" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['headline'] ?>" size="30" /></p>
<p><strong>Namn</strong></p>
<p><input name="name" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['name'] ?>" size="30" /></p>
<p><strong>E-Post</strong></p>
<p><input name="email" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['email'] ?>" size="30" /></p>
<p><strong>Text</strong></p>
<p><textarea name="textarea" cols="50" rows="5"><?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['textarea'] ?></textarea></p>
<p><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Skicka" /></p>
</form>
<hr />
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook">Visa gästboken</a></p>
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook&action=post">Skriv i göstboken</a></p>

[PHPycho]

Comments from my side:
1> Better make base class for Model, View & Controller.
Extend your file as:

class GuestbookController extends Controller{

class GuestbookModel extend Model{

2> Make class name in camecase structure with first letter capital.
3> no need to use .tpl, if you want you can rather use .html.php
4> $registery -> $registry btw
5> user router class instead & handle the request mapping there.

Better if you have wrapped the code with PHP type.

[imaginethis]

Comments from my side:
1> Better make base class for Model, View & Controller.
Extend your file as:

class GuestbookController extends Controller{

class GuestbookModel extend Model{

2> Make class name in camecase structure with first letter capital.
3> no need to use .tpl, if you want you can rather use .html.php
4> $registery -> $registry btw
5> user router class instead & handle the request mapping there.

Better if you have wrapped the code with PHP type.

Most of your comments are personal preferences that don't necessarily enhance the quality of what he's already written.

[imaginethis]

Im trying to get a hold of the whole MVC concept.
This is my coding so far.

Am i at the right track? What do i need to change and what is good with my coding?

Thanx in advance, Crille

Structure of the folders and files

.models
..guestbook
...guestbookModel.php
 
.controllers
..guestbook
...guestbookController.php
 
.views
..guestbook
...view.tpl
...post.tpl

index.php

<?php
include ('includes/config.php');

if (isset($_GET['module'])) {
	$module = $_GET['module'];
	
	if (isset($_GET['action'])) $action = $_GET['action'];
	else $action = 'view';
}

else {
	$module = 'default';
	$action = 'view';
}

$model = 'models/' . $module . '/' . $module . 'Model.php';
$controller = 'controllers/' . $module . '/' . $module . 'Controller.php';
$template = 'views/' . $module . '/' . $action . '.tpl';

if (!file_exists($model)) {
	header ("Location: index.php");
}

if (!file_exists($controller)){
	header ("Location: index.php");
}

if (!file_exists($template)){
	header ("Location: index.php");
}

$modelClass = $module . 'Model';
$controllerClass = $module . 'Controller';

include $model;
include $controller;

$controller = new $controllerClass();
$controller->setData("site", "model", $modelClass);
$controller->setData("site", "template", $template);
$controller->setData("site", "action", $action);
$controller->prepare();
$controller->render();
?>

guestbookController.php

<?php
class guestbookController {
	private $registery = array();

	public function __construct() {
	}

	/*
	* ::Register set
	* Sets a registery key
	*/
	public function setData($type, $key, $value) {
		$this->registery[$type][$key] = $value;	
	}
	
	public function getData($type, $key) {
		return $this->registery[$type][$key];
	}
	
	public function printErrors() {
		if (!empty($this->registery["error"])) {
			$error = "";
			foreach ($this->registery["error"] as $key => $value) {
				$error .= $value;
			}
			return $error;
		}
	}
	
	/*
	* ::Validate form
	* Checks if a form is valid
	*/
	public function formCheck($form) {
		foreach ($form as $key => $value) {
			if (!empty($value)) {
				switch ($key) {
					case 'email':
					$validate = new validate;
					if (!$validate->email($value)) $this->setData("error", "$value", "<p>$value är en felaktig E-Post!</p>");				
					break;
				
					case 'url':
					$validate = new validate;
					if (!$validate->url($value)) $this->setData("error", "$key", "<p>$value är en felaktig URL</p>");
				}
			}
			else $this->setData("error", "$key", "<p>$key måste fyllas i!</p>");
		}
	}
	
	/*
	* ::Prepare
	* Prepares actions for the page
	*/
	public function prepare() {
		switch ($this->getData("site", "action")) {
			case 'post':
			if ($_POST)  {
				$this->formCheck($_POST);
				if (empty($this->registery["error"])) {
					$headline = htmlspecialchars(str_replace("|", "", $_POST['headline']));
					$name = htmlspecialchars(str_replace("|", "", $_POST['name']));
					$email = $_POST['email'];
					$text = htmlspecialchars(str_replace("|", "", $_POST['textarea']));
					$time = date("Y:m:d");	
					$instance = new guestbookModel;
					$instance->write($headline, $name, $email, $text, $time);
				}
			}
			break;
			
			case 'view':
			$instance = new guestbookModel;
			$this->setData("guestbook", "posts", $instance->read());
			$guestbook = $this->getData("guestbook", "posts");
			$lines = array_reverse(explode("\r\n", $guestbook));
			foreach ($lines as $line) {
				if (!empty($line)) $posts[] = explode("|", $line);
			}
			$this->setData("guestbook", "posts", $posts);
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	* ::Render
	* Renders the page
	*/
	public function render() {
		include $this->getData("site", "template");
	}
}
?>

guestbookModell.php

<?php
class guestbookModel {
	private $file = 'guestbook.txt';
	
	/*
	* ::Write
	* Writes to the guestbook file
	*/
	public function write($headline, $name, $email, $text, $time) {
		$content = file_get_contents($this->file);
		$content .= "$headline|$name|$email|$text|$time" . "\r\n";
		file_put_contents($this->file, $content);
	}
	
	/*
	* ::Read
	* Reads from the guestbook file
	*/
	public function read() {
		return file_get_contents($this->file);		
	}
}
?>

view.tpl

<link href="css/stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<?php
foreach ($this->getData("guestbook", "posts") as $value) {
?>

<p><strong>Rubrik</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[0] ?></p>
<p><strong>Av</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[1] ?></p>
<p><strong>E-Post</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[2] ?></p>
<p><strong>Meddelande</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[3] ?></p>
<p><strong>Skrivet</strong></p>
<p><?php echo $value[4] ?></p>
<hr />

<?php
}
?>
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook">Visa gästboken</a></p>
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook&action=post">Skriv i göstboken</a>

post.tpl

<link href="css/stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<?php 
echo $this->printErrors();
?>
<form method="post">
<p><strong>Rubrik</strong></p>
<p><input name="headline" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['headline'] ?>" size="30" /></p>
<p><strong>Namn</strong></p>
<p><input name="name" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['name'] ?>" size="30" /></p>
<p><strong>E-Post</strong></p>
<p><input name="email" type="text" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['email'] ?>" size="30" /></p>
<p><strong>Text</strong></p>
<p><textarea name="textarea" cols="50" rows="5"><?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) echo $_POST['textarea'] ?></textarea></p>
<p><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Skicka" /></p>
</form>
<hr />
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook">Visa gästboken</a></p>
<p><a href="index.php?module=guestbook&action=post">Skriv i göstboken</a></p>

You might consider implementing the Front Controller pattern. That index.php file pretty much does that already. It would save you from having to write a new front controller ever time you start a project. Just a thought.

PHPycho's idea of making a class for you're view isn't a bad one. It makes more sense to have the view handle the rendering of the output. A simple

$controller->getView()-render(); 

Would suffice.

[PHPycho]

I have bookmarked two site regarding MVC Framework tutorials.
Hope some of you may find this useful if you are starting to build your own framework.

http://anantgarg.com/2009/03/13/writ...mework-part-1/
http://www.phpro.org/tutorials/Model...oller-MVC.html

[PHPycho]

I have found one more.

http://oreilly.com/pub/a/php/archive/mvc-intro.html

[t3ch]

Thanx for all replys so far!

Befor having viewed the links supplied about building MVC i have done some different coding.

Any input on this?

Structure

Index.php

.Includes
..Config.php
..Controller.php
..Model.php
..FrontController.php

.Controllers
..Default
...DefaultController.php
.Guestbook
..GuestbookController.php

.Views
..Default
...Index.php
..Guestbook
...Index.php
...Post.php 

The files

root Index.php

<?php
include ('includes/Config.php');
/**
*    Handles URL input
*/
$init = FrontController::getInstance();
$init->route();

/**
*    Sets correct classes and view
*/
$controllerClass = $init->getData("Site", "ControllerClass");
$modelClass = $init->getData("Site", "ModelClass");
$view = $init->getData("Site", "View");
$action = $init->getData("Site", "Action");

$instance = new $controllerClass();
$instance->setData("Site", "View", $view);
$instance->setData("Site", "Action", $action);
$instance->handle();
$instance->render();
?>

Controller.php

<?php
class Controller {
    private $variables = array();
    
    /**
    *    Constructing the object and sets the view
    *    $instance = new Controller($view);
    */
    public function __construct() {
            
    }
    
    /**
    *    Set a variable
    *    $this->setData("field", "key", "value");
    */
    public function setData($field, $key, $value) {
        $this->variables[$field][$key] = $value;    
    }
    
    /**
    *    Get a variable
    *    $this->getData("field", "key");
    */
    public function getData($field, $key) {
        return $this->variables[$field][$key];
    }
    
    /**
    *    Renders page
    *    $instance->render();
    */
    public function render() {
        include ($this->getData("Site", "View"));    
    }
}
?>

FrontController.php

<?php
/**
*    FrontController Class.
*
*/

class FrontController {
    private $variables = array();
    
    public function __construct() {
    }
    
    /**
    *    Set a variable
    *    $this->setData("field", "key", "value");
    */
    public function setData($field, $key, $value) {
        $this->variables[$field][$key] = $value;    
    }
    
    /**
    *    Get a variable
    *    $this->getData("field", "key");
    */
    public function getData($field, $key) {
        return $this->variables[$field][$key];
    }
    
    /**
    *    Singleton function
    *    $variable = FrrontController::getInstance();
    */
    public function getInstance() {
        static $instance;
        
        if (!isset($instance)) {
            $class = 'FrontController';
            $instance = new $class;
        }
        return $instance;
    }
    
    /**
    *    Routes requested URL
    */
    public function route() {
        $page = ucfirst(strtolower(empty($_GET['page']) ? 'default' : $_GET['page']));
        $action = ucfirst(strtolower(empty($_GET['action']) ? 'index' : $_GET['action']));

        $model = 'Models/' . $page . '/' . $page . 'Model.php';
        $controller = 'Controllers/' . $page . '/' . $page . 'Controller.php';
        $view = 'Views/' . $page . '/' . $action . '.php';
        
        if (!file_exists($model)) header("Location: index.php");
        if (!file_exists($controller)) header("Location: index.php");
        if (!file_exists($view))header ("Location: index.php");
        
        $this->setData("Site", "Model", $model);
        $this->setData("Site", "Controller", $controller);
        $this->setData("Site", "Action", $action);
        $this->setData("Site", "View", $view);

        $modelClass = $page . 'Model';
        $controllerClass = $page . 'Controller';

        $this->setData("Site", "ModelClass", $modelClass);
        $this->setData("Site", "ControllerClass", $controllerClass);
        
        include($this->getData("Site", "Model"));
        include($this->getData("Site", "Controller"));    
    }    
}
?>

GuestbookController.php

<?php
class GuestbookController extends Controller {
    public function handle(){
        switch($this->getData("Site", "Action")) {
            case 'Index':
            /*
            Some viewing code here
            */
            break;
            
            case 'Post':
            /*
            Some posting code here
            */
            break;
        }
    }
}
?>

Models are so far clean with only class names in them.
Default controller does nothing atm.

[imaginethis]

Thanx for all replys so far!

Befor having viewed the links supplied about building MVC i have done some different coding.

Any input on this?

Structure

Index.php

.Includes
..Config.php
..Controller.php
..Model.php
..FrontController.php

.Controllers
..Default
...DefaultController.php
.Guestbook
..GuestbookController.php

.Views
..Default
...Index.php
..Guestbook
...Index.php
...Post.php 

The files

root Index.php

<?php
include ('includes/Config.php');
/**
*    Handles URL input
*/
$init = FrontController::getInstance();
$init->route();

/**
*    Sets correct classes and view
*/
$controllerClass = $init->getData("Site", "ControllerClass");
$modelClass = $init->getData("Site", "ModelClass");
$view = $init->getData("Site", "View");
$action = $init->getData("Site", "Action");

$instance = new $controllerClass();
$instance->setData("Site", "View", $view);
$instance->setData("Site", "Action", $action);
$instance->handle();
$instance->render();
?>

Controller.php

<?php
class Controller {
    private $variables = array();
    
    /**
    *    Constructing the object and sets the view
    *    $instance = new Controller($view);
    */
    public function __construct() {
            
    }
    
    /**
    *    Set a variable
    *    $this->setData("field", "key", "value");
    */
    public function setData($field, $key, $value) {
        $this->variables[$field][$key] = $value;    
    }
    
    /**
    *    Get a variable
    *    $this->getData("field", "key");
    */
    public function getData($field, $key) {
        return $this->variables[$field][$key];
    }
    
    /**
    *    Renders page
    *    $instance->render();
    */
    public function render() {
        include ($this->getData("Site", "View"));    
    }
}
?>

FrontController.php

<?php
/**
*    FrontController Class.
*
*/

class FrontController {
    private $variables = array();
    
    public function __construct() {
    }
    
    /**
    *    Set a variable
    *    $this->setData("field", "key", "value");
    */
    public function setData($field, $key, $value) {
        $this->variables[$field][$key] = $value;    
    }
    
    /**
    *    Get a variable
    *    $this->getData("field", "key");
    */
    public function getData($field, $key) {
        return $this->variables[$field][$key];
    }
    
    /**
    *    Singleton function
    *    $variable = FrrontController::getInstance();
    */
    public function getInstance() {
        static $instance;
        
        if (!isset($instance)) {
            $class = 'FrontController';
            $instance = new $class;
        }
        return $instance;
    }
    
    /**
    *    Routes requested URL
    */
    public function route() {
        $page = ucfirst(strtolower(empty($_GET['page']) ? 'default' : $_GET['page']));
        $action = ucfirst(strtolower(empty($_GET['action']) ? 'index' : $_GET['action']));

        $model = 'Models/' . $page . '/' . $page . 'Model.php';
        $controller = 'Controllers/' . $page . '/' . $page . 'Controller.php';
        $view = 'Views/' . $page . '/' . $action . '.php';
        
        if (!file_exists($model)) header("Location: index.php");
        if (!file_exists($controller)) header("Location: index.php");
        if (!file_exists($view))header ("Location: index.php");
        
        $this->setData("Site", "Model", $model);
        $this->setData("Site", "Controller", $controller);
        $this->setData("Site", "Action", $action);
        $this->setData("Site", "View", $view);

        $modelClass = $page . 'Model';
        $controllerClass = $page . 'Controller';

        $this->setData("Site", "ModelClass", $modelClass);
        $this->setData("Site", "ControllerClass", $controllerClass);
        
        include($this->getData("Site", "Model"));
        include($this->getData("Site", "Controller"));    
    }    
}
?>

GuestbookController.php

<?php
class GuestbookController extends Controller {
    public function handle(){
        switch($this->getData("Site", "Action")) {
            case 'Index':
            /*
            Some viewing code here
            */
            break;
            
            case 'Post':
            /*
            Some posting code here
            */
            break;
        }
    }
}
?>

Models are so far clean with only class names in them.
Default controller does nothing atm.

Guest books seems to be an implementation of the page controller pattern which is a bit superfluous if you already have a front controller. Your front controller can initialize the controller class and execute a specific function call. So instead of having a switch statement your controller would consist of several functions.

class GuestbookController extends Controller {
  public function execIndex(){/* */}
  public function execPost(){/* */}
} 

Suffixing or prefixing the function is a good idea if you choose to use this method.

[t3ch]

Thanks for reply.

But im still a bit confused. Your saying i should in my controller class decide what function that is run in my "extended" classes? That means i have to do a switch or a lot of IF´s in my controller, say a "prepare" function?

example in Controller.php.

public function prepare() {
switch ($action) {
case 'view':
$extendexcontroller->view();
break;

case 'edit':
$extendedclass->edit();
break;
}
} 

[imaginethis]

Thanks for reply.

But im still a bit confused. Your saying i should in my controller class decide what function that is run in my "extended" classes? That means i have to do a switch or a lot of IF´s in my controller, say a "prepare" function?

example in Controller.php.

public function prepare() {
switch ($action) {
case 'view':
$extendexcontroller->view();
break;

case 'edit':
$extendedclass->edit();
break;
}
} 

Your front controller would be calling a function of your controller class. It would determine whether a given action exists and call the action of that controller class. PHP has built in functionality that allows you to check to see if a method exists in a class. You can use that to determine if a given action exists. The switch completely unnecessary.

[Wardrop]

t3ch, you seem to be concerned about your file structure. The file structure you choose normally comes down to personal preference. I like to divide my applications into "modules", each of which contains it's own "model" and "view" directories. One module, may have many actions, for example, a the "thread" module of a forum may have the following actions: show, create, delete, edit. Each action in my case, corresponds to a view. An action though can have multiple views for different types of output, for example, the "show" action for the "thread" module of a forum, may have a separate view for HTML, PDF and XML.

Now, the advantage I find in separating out each module into it's own folder, is that it allows you to simply drag-and-drop a new module into your application. With how I design my applications, because of how I've designed the front controller, I wouldn't even have to edit any files for the new module to be usable.

So here's an example of the structure I've been talking about...

Application
├ Common
├ Modules
│ ├ Main
│ ├ Topics
│ ├ Topic
│ │ ├ Actions
│ │ │ ├ create.php
│ │ │ ├ delete.php
│ │ │ ├ edit.php
│ │ │ └ show.php
│ │ ├ Views
│ │ │ ├ create.html.php
│ │ │ ├ delete.html.php
│ │ │ ├ edit.html.php
│ │ │ ├ show.html.php
│ │ │ └ show.pdf.php
│ │ └ Controller.php
│ ├ Login
│ └ Search
├ Themes
└ index.php
Library

[ivanfx]

For God's sake, use an existing framework.

[PHPycho]

t3ch, you seem to be concerned about your file structure. The file structure you choose normally comes down to personal preference. I like to divide my applications into "modules", each of which contains it's own "model" and "view" directories. One module, may have many actions, for example, a the "thread" module of a forum may have the following actions: show, create, delete, edit. Each action in my case, corresponds to a view. An action though can have multiple views for different types of output, for example, the "show" action for the "thread" module of a forum, may have a separate view for HTML, PDF and XML.

Now, the advantage I find in separating out each module into it's own folder, is that it allows you to simply drag-and-drop a new module into your application. With how I design my applications, because of how I've designed the front controller, I wouldn't even have to edit any files for the new module to be usable.

So here's an example of the structure I've been talking about...

Application
├ Common
├ Modules
│ ├ Main
│ ├ Topics
│ ├ Topic
│ │ ├ Actions
│ │ │ ├ create.php
│ │ │ ├ delete.php
│ │ │ ├ edit.php
│ │ │ └ show.php
│ │ ├ Views
│ │ │ ├ create.html.php
│ │ │ ├ delete.html.php
│ │ │ ├ edit.html.php
│ │ │ ├ show.html.php
│ │ │ └ show.pdf.php
│ │ └ Controller.php
│ ├ Login
│ └ Search
├ Themes
└ index.php
Library

Where does the model part goes (in Topic Module)?